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Nuttallanthus texanus

(Scheele) D.A.Sutton (1988)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Lamiales Family: Plantaginaceae Genus: Nuttallanthus

blue toad flax, blue toadflax

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Annual herbs.

Stems: Stems 1 to several, erect or ascending, 1–4(–5) dm long, unbranched or branched above, usually also with short, spreading, prostrate branches, these sometimes developing into upright flowering stems.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Leaves of short basal stems opposite to ternate, those of erect flowering stems alternate. Those of short basal stems narrowly oblanceolate to spatulate, those of erect flowering stems linear. dimorphic, 0.5–1 cm long, 0.2–0.4 mm wide, 1–2.5(–3) cm long, 0.1–0.2 cm wide. Margins entire. Sessile. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in glabrous to glandular puberulent racemes. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Pedicels 1–7 mm long. Calyx 2.8–3.5 mm long, the lobes broadly lanceolate, Calyx 5-lobed, divided nearly to base, the lobes equal. Corolla pale blue to violet, palate whitish, 7–13 mm long, spur curved, 2–11 mm long, upper lip ca. 3.5–5 mm long, the lobes erect, lower lip 7–11 mm long, the lobes spreading, rounded. Stamens 4, in 2 pairs; anthers glabrous; stigma small, capitate. Ovary superior, 2-carpellate, with as many cells; ovule placentation axile.

Fruit: Capsules subglobose; 2.8–3.5 mm long; irregularly splitting at apex of each cell. Seeds angular; truncate; 0.3–0.5 mm long; the surface tuberculate or smooth.

Ploidy: 2n = 12; 24

Habitat: Naturalized in subalpine woodland and on dry slopes and ridges.

Elevation Range: 520–1,900 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

O'ahu Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Rev. Antirrh.: 460 (1988)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1241 (O, H [as Linaria canadensis var. texana]); Starr et al. 2002:25 (EM); Freeman 2019:41 (Syn. L. c. var. texana = N. texanus)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Nuttallanthus texanus Kau Distr., Kapapala ahupuaa, Tr 86(18), S slopes of Mauna Loa, through Kipuka Maunai Dry mixed grass-native shrub community with scattered koa, mamane, and other native trees. Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 3821 Hawaii BISH 1979-06-05
2 Nuttallanthus texanus Pohakea Pass, Waianae Mts., Honouliuli Forest Reserve, Honouliuli Weed on grassy slope. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 13158 Oahu BISH 1933-05-12
3 Nuttallanthus texanus Puu Kanehoa, Honouliuli, Waianae Mts Upper ridge. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 11072 Oahu BISH 1931-03-22
4 Nuttallanthus texanus 7 mi W of Volcano House along main road Dry dusty lava plain. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 11216 Hawaii BISH 1926-07-21
5 Nuttallanthus texanus Mauna Kapu, Honouliuli-Nanakuli divide, Waianae Mts Bare, eroded, windswept ridge. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 13794 Oahu BISH 1937-05-02
6 Nuttallanthus texanus Keauhou Ranch, Kau District, Puu oo trail, near HVNP boundary Growing in Pennisetum clandestinum - Anthoxanthum odoratum pasture. Preserved_Specimen Cuddihy, L.W. 470 Hawaii BISH 1980-05-20
7 Nuttallanthus texanus drive to end of Hilina Pali Road and walk ca. 0.7 mi down Hilina Pali switchback trail. Plant was in a grassland at left of trail just before first switchback (plot 46b) Dwarf shrub and grass community in fine ash pockets. Preserved_Specimen Newell, C.L. 765 Hawaii BISH 1966-09-03
8 Nuttallanthus texanus Keauhou Ranch, Kau District found localized in a small area at the base of the small pali, Preserved_Specimen Clarke, G. 472 Hawaii BISH 1980-07-22
9 Nuttallanthus texanus Waianae Mts., ridge trail to Palikea Common weed along dry parts of trail. Preserved_Specimen Cowan, R.S. 913 Oahu BISH 1948-03-27
10 Nuttallanthus texanus East Maui, Makawao, on pineapple road between Aala Rd. and cemetery Roadside in pineapple field. Preserved_Specimen Starr, F. 4111 Maui BISH 2000-04-11
11 Nuttallanthus texanus Pahole Gulch, Waialua, Waianae Mts In sunny location with grasses, Stachytarpheta, Crassocephalum crepidioides, and Centaurium erythraea on crest of west wall behind west fork of gulch. Preserved_Specimen Nagata, K.M. 1832 Oahu BISH 1979-03-30
12 Nuttallanthus texanus North ridge of Puu Kumakalii, Waianae Mts., Waianaeuka Bare ridge. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 13629 Oahu BISH 1937-03-28
13 Nuttallanthus texanus Palehua, Waianae Range Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1684 Oahu BISH 1911-04-01
14 Nuttallanthus texanus Makuleha V. ridge Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 17089 Oahu BISH 1918-05-02
15 Nuttallanthus texanus Mokuleia, slopes of Kaala Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1788 Oahu BISH 1912-04-26
16 Nuttallanthus texanus Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, entrance to Kipuka Puaulu. Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 4338 Hawaii BISH 2011-06-21
17 Nuttallanthus texanus Hawaii National Park, crter center of Kamakaia cone Preserved_Specimen Fagerlund, G.O. 296 Hawaii BISH 1943-01-31
18 Nuttallanthus texanus Kilauea, Kipuka Puaulu Preserved_Specimen Meebold, A. Hawaii BISH 1932-05-01
19 Nuttallanthus texanus Waianae Mts., East of Puu Kuua Preserved_Specimen Kerr, M. 3230 Oahu BISH 1946-03-17
20 Nuttallanthus texanus Kau Distr., Kapapala ahupuaa, Tr 86(18), S slopes of Mauna Loa, through Kipuka Maunai Dry mixed grass-native shrub community with scattered koa, mamane, and other native trees. Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 3821 Hawaii BISH 1979-06-05
21 Nuttallanthus texanus Pohakea Pass, Waianae Mts., Honouliuli Forest Reserve, Honouliuli Weed on grassy slope. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 13158 Oahu BISH 1933-05-12
22 Nuttallanthus texanus Puu Kanehoa, Honouliuli, Waianae Mts Upper ridge. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 11072 Oahu BISH 1931-03-22
23 Nuttallanthus texanus 7 mi W of Volcano House along main road Dry dusty lava plain. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 11216 Hawaii BISH 1926-07-21
24 Nuttallanthus texanus Mauna Kapu, Honouliuli-Nanakuli divide, Waianae Mts Bare, eroded, windswept ridge. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 13794 Oahu BISH 1937-05-02
25 Nuttallanthus texanus Keauhou Ranch, Kau District, Puu oo trail, near HVNP boundary Growing in Pennisetum clandestinum - Anthoxanthum odoratum pasture. Preserved_Specimen Cuddihy, L.W. 470 Hawaii BISH 1980-05-20
26 Nuttallanthus texanus drive to end of Hilina Pali Road and walk ca. 0.7 mi down Hilina Pali switchback trail. Plant was in a grassland at left of trail just before first switchback (plot 46b) Dwarf shrub and grass community in fine ash pockets. Preserved_Specimen Newell, C.L. 765 Hawaii BISH 1966-09-03
27 Nuttallanthus texanus Keauhou Ranch, Kau District found localized in a small area at the base of the small pali, Preserved_Specimen Clarke, G. 472 Hawaii BISH 1980-07-22
28 Nuttallanthus texanus Waianae Mts., ridge trail to Palikea Common weed along dry parts of trail. Preserved_Specimen Cowan, R.S. 913 Oahu BISH 1948-03-27
29 Nuttallanthus texanus East Maui, Makawao, on pineapple road between Aala Rd. and cemetery Roadside in pineapple field. Preserved_Specimen Starr, F. 4111 Maui BISH 2000-04-11
30 Nuttallanthus texanus Pahole Gulch, Waialua, Waianae Mts In sunny location with grasses, Stachytarpheta, Crassocephalum crepidioides, and Centaurium erythraea on crest of west wall behind west fork of gulch. Preserved_Specimen Nagata, K.M. 1832 Oahu BISH 1979-03-30
31 Nuttallanthus texanus North ridge of Puu Kumakalii, Waianae Mts., Waianaeuka Bare ridge. Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 13629 Oahu BISH 1937-03-28
32 Nuttallanthus texanus Palehua, Waianae Range Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1684 Oahu BISH 1911-04-01
33 Nuttallanthus texanus Makuleha V. ridge Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 17089 Oahu BISH 1918-05-02
34 Nuttallanthus texanus Mokuleia, slopes of Kaala Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1788 Oahu BISH 1912-04-26
35 Nuttallanthus texanus Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, entrance to Kipuka Puaulu. Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 4338 Hawaii BISH 2011-06-21
36 Nuttallanthus texanus Hawaii National Park, crter center of Kamakaia cone Preserved_Specimen Fagerlund, G.O. 296 Hawaii BISH 1943-01-31
37 Nuttallanthus texanus Kilauea, Kipuka Puaulu Preserved_Specimen Meebold, A. Hawaii BISH 1932-05-01
38 Nuttallanthus texanus Waianae Mts., East of Puu Kuua Preserved_Specimen Kerr, M. 3230 Oahu BISH 1946-03-17
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